To convert IDN Domains with the IDNA2008 definition use following command.
idn_to_ascii('teßt.com',IDNA_NONTRANSITIONAL_TO_ASCII,INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46)
The result is then as expected
xn--tet-6ka.com
(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8, PECL intl >= 1.0.2, PECL idn >= 0.1)
idn_to_ascii — Convierte un nombre de dominio al formato IDNA ASCII
Estilo procedimental
$domain,$flags = IDNA_DEFAULT,$variant = INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46,&$idna_info = nullEsta función convierte un nombre de dominio Unicode a un formato ASCII compatible con IDNA, en minúsculas.
domainEl dominio a convertir, que debe estar codificado en UTF-8.
flagsOpciones de conversión - combinación de constantes IDNA_*. (excepto las constantes IDNA_ERROR_*).
variant
Puede ser INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_2003 (obsoleto a partir de PHP
7.2.0) para IDNA 2003, o INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46
(solo disponible a partir de ICU 4.6) para UTS #46.
idna_info
Este parámetro solo puede ser utilizado si la constante
INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46 ha sido utilizada en
el parámetro variant. En este caso, será
un array con la clave 'result' conteniendo el resultado
de la transformación, la clave 'isTransitionalDifferent'
conteniendo un booleano indicando si se ha utilizado el mecanismo transicional
UTS #46 que ha alterado o no el resultado, y la clave
'errors' conteniendo un int representando
un conjunto de bits de las constantes de error IDNA_ERROR_*.
El nombre de dominio codificado en formato ASCII-compatible. o false si ocurre un error
| Versión | Descripción |
|---|---|
| 7.4.0 |
El valor por defecto del parámetro variant es
ahora INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46 en lugar
de la constante INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_2003 depreciada.
|
| 7.2.0 |
INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_2003 ha sido depreciado; utilizar
INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46 en su lugar.
|
Ejemplo #1 Ejemplo con idn_to_ascii()
<?php
echo idn_to_ascii('täst.de');
?>El ejemplo anterior mostrará :
xn--tst-qla.de
Ejemplo #2 Los nombres de dominio completamente ASCII son simplemente convertidos a minúsculas
<?php
var_dump(idn_to_ascii('Example.com'));
?>El ejemplo anterior mostrará :
string(11) "example.com"
To convert IDN Domains with the IDNA2008 definition use following command.
idn_to_ascii('teßt.com',IDNA_NONTRANSITIONAL_TO_ASCII,INTL_IDNA_VARIANT_UTS46)
The result is then as expected
xn--tet-6ka.comThe notes on this function are not very clear and a little misleading.
Firstly, <=5.3, you will need to make use of one of several scripts or classes available on the internet which might, or might not, require the installation of of the intl and idn PECL extensions ...and you will need to have !<4.0 in order to be able to install both.
Secondly, if you have >=5.4 you will not require the PECL extensions.
Third, use of utf8_encode() is not necessary. In fact, it will potentially prevent idn_to_ascii() from working at all.
On my setup it was necessary to change the charset in the script meta tags to UTF-8:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
...and to change charset_default in the php.ini file (/usr/local/lib/php.ini, whereis php.ini, find / -name php.ini):
default_charset = "UTF-8"
The above changes mean that idn_to_ascii() can now be used with that syntax (no need for utf8_encode()). Previously, the function worked to convert some IDNs, but failed to convert Japanese and Cyrillic IDNs. Further, no additional locales were enabled or added, and Apache's charset file was left unmodified.
It is also important to remember only to apply the function where required, eg:
idn_to_ascii(cåsino.com) // is wrong
...whereas...
iden_to_ascii(cåsino) // is right
...and also be aware of text editors that don't support UTF-8 encoding, or the $domain = 'cåsino' value will end up as $domain = '??????' ...and the function will fail.
I have found that Notepad++ easily and reliably handles UTF-8 encoding that works for this function using UTF-8 as the encoding option, not UTF-8 without BOM.idn_to_ascii and idn_to_utf8 functions don't properly handle full URLs (i.e. with schema and paths), so here's the helper functions which handles all URLs, including ones with path but without a scheme
<?php
/**
* Converts URLS to punycode
* It doesn't url-encodes other parts
* The initial code from snipp dor ru website, here is modified version that handles urls without scheme
*/
function punycode_encode($url)
{
$no_scheme = false;
if (!preg_match('/^.+?:\/\//', $url) && substr($url, 0, 2) !== '//') {
$url = '//' . $url;
$no_scheme = true;
}
$parts = parse_url($url);
$out = '';
if (!empty($parts['scheme'])) $out .= $parts['scheme'] . ':';
if (!empty($parts['host'])) $out .= '//';
if (!empty($parts['user'])) $out .= $parts['user'];
if (!empty($parts['pass'])) $out .= ':' . $parts['pass'];
if (!empty($parts['user'])) $out .= '@';
if (!empty($parts['host'])) $out .= idn_to_ascii($parts['host']);
if (!empty($parts['port'])) $out .= ':' . $parts['port'];
if (!empty($parts['path'])) $out .= $parts['path'];
if (!empty($parts['query'])) $out .= '?' . $parts['query'];
if (!empty($parts['fragment'])) $out .= '#' . $parts['fragment'];
if ($no_scheme) {
$out = substr($out, 2);
}
return $out;
}
function punycode_decode($url)
{
$no_scheme = false;
if (!preg_match('/^.+?:\/\//', $url) && substr($url, 0, 2) !== '//') {
$url = '//' . $url;
$no_scheme = true;
}
$parts = parse_url($url);
$out = '';
if (!empty($parts['scheme'])) $out .= $parts['scheme'] . ':';
if (!empty($parts['host'])) $out .= '//';
if (!empty($parts['user'])) $out .= $parts['user'];
if (!empty($parts['pass'])) $out .= ':' . $parts['pass'];
if (!empty($parts['user'])) $out .= '@';
if (!empty($parts['host'])) $out .= idn_to_utf8($parts['host']);
if (!empty($parts['port'])) $out .= ':' . $parts['port'];
if (!empty($parts['path'])) $out .= $parts['path'];
if (!empty($parts['query'])) $out .= '?' . $parts['query'];
if (!empty($parts['fragment'])) $out .= '#' . $parts['fragment'];
if ($no_scheme) {
$out = substr($out, 2);
}
return $out;
}The documentation ist not clear what failure in the return section means. This should be substituted to something like this:
"Returns failure if the given string could not be converted".