It has been noted that imap_search breaks with imap4 syntax.  To do an imap 4 search use curl and send a custom command, then grab the results.  Its best to do a UID search to get the unique IDs to work with later.  Here's an example with a working curl function.
<?php
$host = 'your-server.tld';
$user = 'username';
$pass = 'password';
$folder = 'INBOX';
function send_imap_command($server, $user, $pass, $command, $folder="INBOX")
{   $result=["response"=>"", "error"=>""];
    $url = "imaps://$server/". rawurlencode($folder);
    $options=[CURLOPT_URL=>$url, CURLOPT_PORT=> 993, CURLOPT_USERNAME=> $user,
        CURLOPT_PASSWORD=> $pass, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER=> true, CURLOPT_HEADER=> true,
        CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST=> $command];
    $ch = curl_init();
    curl_setopt_array($ch, $options);
    $result["response"] = curl_exec($ch);
    if(curl_errno($ch)) $response["error"]="Error (". curl_errno($ch) ."): ". curl_error($ch);
    return $result;
}
$response=send_imap_command($host, $user, $pass,
            'UID SEARCH SINCE "01-Jan-2022" (OR FROM "mailer-daemon" FROM "postmaster") (OR SUBJECT "fail" (OR SUBJECT "undeliver" SUBJECT "returned"))',
            $folder);
if($response["error"]!="")
{
    echo $response["error"]."\n";
} elseif (strlen($response["response"])>5){
    $response["response"]=str_replace("* SEARCH ","",$response["response"]);
    $messages=explode(" ",$response["response"]);
}
print_r($messages);
?>